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By Lisa Eramo
Healthcare Writer
Lisa A. Eramo, BA, MA is a freelance writer specializing in health information management, medical coding, and healthcare regulatory topics. She began her healthcare career as a referral specialist for a well-known cancer center. Lisa went on to work for several years at a healthcare publishing company and currently works as a full-time freelance writer regularly contributing to healthcare publications, websites, and blogs. She has a bachelor's degree in creative writing from Hamilton College and a master's degree in journalism from Northeastern University.
Last year, Microsoft announced the creation of a laboratory designed to cure cancer within the next decade. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are at the core of these efforts. Its team of researchers, programmers, engineers, and computer scientists are working together to:
“We can use methods that we’ve developed for programming computers to program biology, and then unlock even more applications and even better treatments,” said Andrew Phillips, in the Microsoft announcement about the cancer laboratory. Phillips heads the biological computation research group at Microsoft’s Cambridge, UK, lab.
Nanoscale devices are 100-to-10,000 times smaller than human cells. As such, they’re able to gain access to many areas of the body to detect disease and deliver new types of treatments. In 2017, researchers at Rutgers University-New Brunswick invented a highly-effective method to detect tiny tumors using light-emitting nanoparticles, potentially leading to earlier cancer detection and more targeted treatments. This new method, which involves the injection of nanoprobes (microscopic optical devices) that emit short-wave infrared light as they travel through the bloodstream, is better than magnetic resonance imaging and other cancer surveillance technologies, according to a 2017 study published in Nature Biomedical Engineering.
“Cancer cells can lodge in different niches in the body, and the probe follows the spreading cells wherever they go,” said Vidya Ganapathy, an assistant research professor at Rutgers’ Department of Biomedical Engineering. “You can treat the tumors intelligently because now you know the address of the cancer.”
Experts agree that CAR-T cell therapy, a type of immunotherapy, was one of the most promising advancements of 2017, with companies like Juno Therapeutics and others leading the way.
The acronym CAR-T stands for chimeric antigen receptor therapy. In simple terms, CAR-T cell therapy isolates and extracts a patient’s own T-cells (i.e., the white blood cells that stimulate an immune response). Then, it re-engineers those cells with new proteins that recognize and destroy cancer cells once they’re reinfused back into the patient’s body.
The latest advancements in CAR-T cell therapy include the use of a genomic editing tool called CRISPR (which stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) that allows researchers to place the cancer-fighting proteins at very specific genomic locations. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two CAR-T cell therapies, one for the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the other for adults with advanced lymphomas. Research is underway to determine whether CAR-T cell therapy, which has been successful in treating blood cancers, is equally as effective for solid tumors. In January, physicians at the University of Pennsylvania announced a clinical trial in which they’ll use CRISPR to modify human immune cells to treat multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and melanoma. China has performed similar studies with promising results.
When it comes to cancer care and prevention, there’s plenty to look forward to throughout 2018. The UK will wrap up its 100,000 Genomes Project by the end of the year, providing new insights into cancers, as well as rare and infectious diseases.
The industry may also see new cancer prevention solutions that make use of wearable technology. During the recent World Economic Forum in Switzerland, Rajeev Suri, chief executive of Nokia, said wearable devices will soon be able to monitor biomarkers that can predict cancer months before it occurs.
Also on the rise are electronic medical record analytics tools that help physicians gain new insights into population health management for patients with cancer. Consumer-friendly technologies, including online communities such as Smart Patients and others, will also likely continue to grow in popularity. As patients become more engaged through electronic medical record portals and wearable technology, they’ll continue to share stories, learn from one another and become more empowered.